TheFourthIndustrialRevolution

World Economic Forum® © 2016 – All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum. ISBN-13: 978-1-944835-01-9 ISBN-10: 1944835016 REF: 231215 World Economic Forum 91–93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland www.weforum.org Contents Introduction 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution 1.1 Historical Context 1.2 Profound and Systemic Change 2. Drivers 2.1 Megatrends 2.1.1 Physical 2.1.2 Digital 2.1.3 Biological 2.2 Tipping Points 3. Impact 3.1 Economy 3.1.1 Growth 3.1.2 Employment 3.1.3 The Nature of Work 3.2 Business 3.2.1 Consumer Expectations 3.2.2 Data-Enhanced Products 3.2.3 Collaborative Innovation 3.2.4 New Operating Models 3.3 National and Global 3.3.1 Governments 3.3.2 Countries, Regions and Cities 3.3.3 International Security 3.4 Society 3.4.1 Inequality and the Middle Class 3.4.2 Community 3.5 The Individual 3.5.1 Identity, Morality and Ethics 3.5.2......